Cardin Adds Support to Intellectual Property Enforcement Bill

Posted on September 12, 2008 by Brian Wm. Higgins

     On September 10, 2008, Senator Ben Cardin (D-MD) added his support to S. 3325, the Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights Act of 2008, one day before the Senate Judiciary ordered the bill "to be reported with amendments favorably." Cardin joins eight other co-sponsors of the legislation (Senators Leahy, Bayh, Cornyn, Hatch, Voinovich, Specter, Feinstein, and Whitehouse). Next stop for the bill in consideration by the entire Senate (once placed on the Senate Calendar).

  • Enforcement of copyright laws

     S.3325, introduced July 24, 2008, would authorize the U.S. Attorney General to commence a civil action against any person who engages in conduct constituting a criminal offense under the copyright laws, 17 U.S.C. § 506, upon proof of such conduct by a preponderance of the evidence (compared to the much high criminal standard, the preponderance standard is estimated to result in more enforcement of copyright laws). A person found liable may be subject to a civil penalty under section 504 which shall be in an amount equal to the amount which would be awarded under 18 U.S.C. 3663(a)(1)(B) (i.e., the amount of the loss sustained by each victim as a result of the offense, considering the financial resources of the defendant) and restitution to the copyright owner aggrieved by the conduct.

  • Enforcement of trademark laws

     S. 3325 would enhance remedies for trademark violations. Section 35(b) of the Trademark Act of 1946 (15 U.S.C. 1117(b)) would require a court, in assessing damages for any violation of section 32(1)(a) of the Act, or or in a case involving use of a counterfeit mark or designation, to enter judgment for three times profits or damages, whichever amount is greater, together with attorney’s fee, unless the court finds extenuating circumstances. Treble damages and attorney's fees are authorized where the violation consists of:

(1) intentionally using a mark or designation, knowing such mark or designation is a counterfeit mark in connection with the sale, offering for sale, or distribution of goods or services; or

(2) providing goods or services necessary to the commission of a violation specified in paragraph (1), with the intent that the recipient of the goods or services would put the goods or services to use in committing the violation.

     The court may also award prejudgment interest beginning on the date of the service of the claimant’s pleadings and ending on the date entry of judgment is made.

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Maryland IP Litigation 2008: Lawsuit Summaries Nos. 8-11

Posted on February 17, 2008 by Brian Wm. Higgins

     Below are summaries of recent IP-related lawsuits filed in the the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland in 2008 (source: Justia). The first summary involves a discovery matter relating to a patent lawsuit filed in the E.D. Texas.

     This lawsuit was filed in and is pending in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas (No. 9-06-cv-277RHC). It involves patents covering treatment of wrinkles in the skin using radiation-emitting devices (U.S. 5,810,801; 6,120,497; and 6,659,999). 

     The case is before the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland to enforce a subpoena duces tecum issued from the Maryland court to Dr. Hema Sundaram, ordering her to permit production, inspection, and copying of specified documents sought by patentee Candela. Candela's theory of infringement is that Palomar has induced physicians and others to use the accused devices, and it now seeks information from 16 physicians about how they operated the accused devices, and whether communications from Palomar to those physicians indicated how the accused devices should be operated for wrinkle treatment. That type of evidence is classic inducement evidence that patentees typically seek. 

     Candela's motion recognizes a number of privacy issues involved in seeking production of medical-related documents from physicians in patent infringement cases. Objecting to the subpoena, Dr. Sundaram's counsel stated that the protective order in place was insufficient to protect medical records or patient information in view of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Patent counsel need to be aware of HIPAA's requirements because redactions alone may not be in compliance unless they remove all "individually identifiable health information."

     Green, a Michigan resident, alleges ownership of U.S. Patent No. 5,315,083, which is directed to a microwave cooking utensil as shown in the patent (see below). Green sued ConAgra, which is reportedly a Nebraska company, in Maryland because ConAgra sold infringing utensils in Maryland, according to the complaint.

      This trademark infringement, false designation of origin, unfair competition, and passing off case involves Elkridge, MD-based The Lindy Bowman Company, and defendants Jeanmarie Creations and Walgreens. Plaintiff alleges ownership and use of GIFT WRAP IN A SNAP mark for pre-packaged gift wrap kits. Plaintiff is seeking an injunction, an accounting, and unspecified monetary relief.

     This patent infringement case involves EO Mfg., an Illinois company and the assignee of U.S. Patent No. 7,096,764, which is directed to a pipe wrench. Defendant Ridge Tool is an Ohio company. Jurisdiction is predicated on allegations of defendant's sale of allegedly infringing products in Maryland.

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Maryland IP Litigation Cases for the Week of Nov. 19, 2007

Posted on November 24, 2007 by Brian Wm. Higgins

     Last week, there was one IP-related case filed in the the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland (source: Justia), this one captioned Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America v. The Wilder Spice Company, No. 1:2007cv03122 (D. Md. 2007) (filed Nov. 21, 2007).

     Plaintiff Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America is a New York not-for-profit corporation with its principal place of business in New York City. The Orthodox Union provides kosher product certifications for products prepared according to special Jewish dietary laws. On its website, Orthodox Union states that the word kosher means "proper or acceptable," and the term originates from "kosher laws [that] have their origin in the Bible, and are detailed in the Talmud and the other codes of Jewish traditions. They have been applied through the centuries to ever-changing situations, and these rulings, both ancient and modern, govern OU Kosher certification." The Orthodox Union is the alleged owner of the OU mark, which has reportedly been used in commerce since 1925 on food-related products as an indicator that such products have been certified as kosher.

     Defendant Wilder Spice Company is a Baltimore, Maryland-based company that, according to court papers, sells spice products in the U.S. under branded and private labels through retail, foodservice, and industrial channels. Orthodox Union alleges that Wilder forged a Letter of Certification that falsely represented that the Orthodox Union had certified Wilder products as kosher, and that several of Wilder's products have been sold bearing the OU mark. It is claiming federal and state trademark infringement under the Lanham Act (15 U.S.C. § 1114(1)), false designation of origin (15 U.S.C. § 1125(a)), dilution of its allegedly famous mark (11 U.S.C. § 1125(c)), and common law unfair competition and trademark infringement. Orthodox Union is seeking a preliminary and permanent injunction, an accounting, and monetary damages.

     David Butler and Jason Scherr of Bingham McCutchen LLP (Washington, DC) filed the complaint on behalf of Orthodox Union.

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